Diese Übungsgrammatik erklärt Schritt für Schritt die Bildung und Verwendung von ir a + Infinitiv, Futuro simple, Futuro compuesto und Condicional simple. To make sure that you understand the correct answers, our answer keys offer simple explanations as well as handy tips and tricks. Type in the present perfect participle. Do we need to use avoir or être? With lingolia plus you can access 22 additional exercises about past perfect, as well as 932 online exercises to improve your spanish. Es war dunkel im Zimmer, nur von der Türe her kam ein schmaler Lichtschein. We use the German perfect tense to express: Result: he doesn’t want to be so disorganised anymore. Spanish. The lo. Get 3 months membership for just €10.49 (≈ $12.48). Diese Übungsgrammatik beschäftigt sich mit dem Unterschied zwischen will/going to, Simple Present und Present Progressive, mit denen wir im Englischen die Zukunft ausdrücken. Our online exercises for German help you to learn and practice grammar rules in an interactive manner. The weather around here _____ terrible in the last few weeks. Present Perfect Questions - Exercise. Changing from Active to Passive. There's no wine left I the fridge. Present perfect and present perfect progressive exercises. And if you want to do one exercise every day, try out the Daily English lessons. Become a Lingolia Plus member to access these additional exercises. Was lernen Sie in diesem Buch? Get 3 months membership for just €10.49 (≈ $12.48). Simple past present perfect übungen lückentext pdf . Claude: I (study) here for more than three years. . We can translate the perfect tense using the English simple past tense. Kurt went to Canada in 1991.; I didn't see you yesterday. Womit beginnen? the present perfect definition: 1. the form of the verb used for actions or events that have been completed or have happened in a…. Lingolia is an online platform for learning German, English, French, Spanish and Esperanto. It puts emphasis on the duration or course of the action. Present Perfect Continuous Lingolia : 2. a completed action in the past with the focus on the result of the action. Write down the questions and the short answers. T0118 - Present Perfect Tense - Simple Elementary. Complete with the right verb,using contractions for negative forms. T020-Present Perfect Simple and Progressive. The present perfect subjunctive (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo), is used when the action in question was completed prior to the main clause. Übungsblatt 4: Present perfect progressive - present perfect simple - past perfect Übung 1 Was ist passiert? With Lingolia Plus you can access 13 additional exercises about Conditionnel, as well as 628 online exercises to improve your French. English Test Simple Present - Present Perfect Progressive. Lingolia Shop › Lernen › Grammatik › Simpre Preperpro › Tests. Get 3 months membership for just €10.49 (≈ $12.48). (= they are still arriving now.) f t p. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Learn the conjugation for regular and irregular verbs, and master the usage of this subjunctive form. In the Grammar and Vocabulary areas, you will find exercises, explanations and word lists. With Lingolia Plus you can access 24 additional exercises about Present Perfect, as well as 925 online exercises to improve your German. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build) . My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make) . Verwendung: Ist eine Form der Vergangenheit und wird verwendet, um. With Lingolia Plus you can access 13 additional exercises about Simple Past - Present Perfect Simple, as well as 860 online exercises to improve your English. If the main clause contains the present tense, the subordinate clause can refer to the present or future. I have been working all morning. Answers. T077 - Present Perfect Simple and Continuous Intermediate. 2743 Word order in Passive . The Present perfect is used to talk about. Aber bis nächste Woche hat er das bestimmt wieder vergessen. 2737 Word order in Passive - Exercise 1. To conjugate verbs in the perfect tense we need the present tense form of sein/haben and the past participle (Partizip II). We use it to talk about facts, current situations, repeated actions and scheduled future actions. ]|, [You thought that you had arrived too late. T076 - Present Perfect Simple and Continuous Intermediate. Become a Lingolia Plus member to access these additional exercises. Die Buchreihe Linguistische Arbeiten hat mit über 500 Bänden zur linguistischen Theoriebildung der letzten Jahrzehnte in Deutschland und international wesentlich beigetragen. In spoken German, the present perfect tense is often used instead of the past tense. (park) the car, we searched for the ticket machine. In spoken German, the present perfect tense is often used instead of the past tense.We can translate the perfect tense using the English simple past tense.. Master the rules of conjugation for the perfect tense on Lingolia and get tips on when . 2741 Word order in Passive - Exercise 3. Spalte") / ed-Form Aussage-satz: Click here to review how to make the present perfect continuous. Present Perfect Continuous Lingolia / Present Perfect Progressive - Exercises. At least he (can / stay) at his old school where all of his friends (be). Das etwas andere >Konversations-Lexikon We use it to speak about actions completed in the recent past. I _____ my diary. Online exercises to improve your Spanish. In Spanish, the present (el presente) and the present perfect (el pretérito perfecto) connect the past and the present, however each one does so from a different perspective. Tom (go) to school by bus every day. Wenn nicht , verwende Present Perfect Simple.. We ( know ) them for 15 years. Present perfect continuous exercises. Übung 3. Simple Past oder Present Perfect - Test - Seite 1 Simple Past oder Present Perfect - Test A - Setze die in Klammern stehenden Verben in die Lücken. Become a Lingolia Plus member to access these additional exercises. Remember the exceptions and spelling rules. die Dauer der Handlung hervorzuheben. She has studied with me since October. Verb Tense Exercise 8 Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous. The baby is crying. The present tense is used for repeated and ongoing actions, while the present perfect is used for completed actions that occurred in an unfinished time period. 1) Last night I (lose) my keys - I had to call my flatmate to let me in. The subjunctive expresses possibilities, hypotheses, feelings, thoughts, wishes, doubts, uncertainty, or advice. I think I her once before. To make sure that you understand the correct answers, our answer keys offer simple explanations as well as handy tips and tricks. To make sure that you understand the correct answers, our answer keys offer simple explanations as well as handy tips and tricks. Present Perfect Progressive Übungen. How long have you known Julie? Present Perfect or Past Simple - Exercise. 1. Im Buch gefundenPresent Perfect Simple & Present Perfect Progressive Kate Ille Heike Pahlow. Übungsgrammatik Englisch 3 3 Present Perfect Simple & Present Perfect Progressive Übungen Erläuterungen Lösungen SVLingolia Kate Ille EINFACH BESSER IN ... Present perfect: worksheets, printable exercises pdf, handouts to print. The present perfect subjunctive (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo), is used when the action in question was completed prior to the main clause. Learn how to use the present perfect progressive in English grammar with Lingolia's online lesson and free exercises. School . Die Goldenen Zwanziger verlieren an Glanz, die politische Lage verdüstert sich: Vor dieser Kulisse fängt Klaus Mann das Lebensgefühl der Verlorenen Generation ein. (land) 3. Complete the sentences with the conditionnel passé of the verbs in brackets. I a great film yesterday. Tom (have) to get up very early each day, but that (be) okay. T0125 - Present Perfect Tense - Simple Elementary. Der inzwischen neunte Band des 'Jahrbuchs Literatur und Medizin' umfasst funf Originalbeitrage, eine Quelle und zwolf Rezensionen. Click here to review how to make the present perfect. In the free exercises, you can practise what you have learnt. ]|1, [If they had time, they would visit me in February. Lehrerhandbuch zu Kurs- und Arbeitsbuch 4 des Lehrwerks für erwachsene und jugendliche Deutschlerner als Vorbereitung auf den Deutsch-Test für Zuwanderer. (LK/MA: Kette) Fill in the present perfect simple or the past simple. With Lingolia Plus you can access 36 additional exercises about Le présent, as well as 605 online exercises to improve your French. French. Present Perfect Progressive : Regeln und Verwendung The present perfect simple with "since" or "for": (meet) The baby has been crying for twenty minutes. When I went to the car park, I found that my car ______ . She has studied with me for 3 months. Choose the correct form. Online exercises to improve your Spanish. 1. John ( WRITE) to his aunt but he ( NOT RECEIVE) a reply yet. Choose the present simple or the present continuous. Maria _____ her suitcase last night. Übung zum Past Perfect Simple. Exercise on Present Perfect Simple. With Lingolia Plus you can access 25 additional exercises about Le passé composé, as well as 616 online exercises to improve your French. Become a Lingolia Plus member to access these additional exercises. He (go) to school by bus since he and his parents moved to a little village. Where were you? [I thought you would be at home on Sunday. Setze die Verben im Present Perfect Progressive ein, wenn dies möglich ist. Lingolia Plus is the premium version of lingolia.com. Sometimes it can be difficult to know which verb to use. 1. the Coopers / arrive / yet. Please drive to work carefully. Perfect Subjunctive - Free Exercise. T0117 - Present Perfect Tense - Simple Elementary. Learn the conjugation for regular and irregular verbs, and master the usage of this subjunctive form. (to learn) 4. Lingolia Plus members can enjoy thirteen new premium exercises all about the present perfect subjunctive: El tiempo del escenario Fügen Sie Verbindungen in die Klammern in den Lücken entweder in der einfachen Vergangenheit oder in der aktuellen Diese Übungsgrammatik erklärt Schritt für Schritt die Bildung und Verwendung der englischen Zeitformen Simple Past und Past Progressive. Present perfect simple or past simple. www.ego4u.de (If you need to review how to make the present perfect, click here) (If you need to review how to use the present perfect, click here). 2753 The Passive and the Tenses in English - Easy Exercise. Past Simple or Present Perfect - Exercise 5. :: Seite Ex07 Jack _____ the window of the gym this morning. Complete the gaps with the conditionnel présent of the verbs in brackets. The action can be past or future. (to steal) 2. Perfekt - Zusatzübungen. (to break) 3. ]|In French, age is expressed with, [We have a bicycle. (be / rain) 2. Get 3 months membership for just €10.49 (≈ $12.48). She started to cry twenty minutes ago. (PACK) 3. Diese Übungsgrammatik erklärt Schritt für Schritt die Bildung und Verwendung der spanischen Zeitformen Indefinido, Imperfecto und Pluscuamperfecto. Complete the sentences with the correct form of each verb in the present. Live worksheets > English > English as a Second Language (ESL) > Present perfect > Present Perfect - reading comprehension Present Perfect - reading comprehension Students will read the text paying attention to Present Perfect verbs and then choose the correct answers to check their comprehension. ]|Nationality is expressed with, Le présent – tableaux de conjugaison (être/avoir), Le présent – tableaux de conjugaison (verbes réguliers), Le présent – tableaux de conjugaison (verbes irréguliers), Le présent – négation (verbes pronominaux), Le présent – place des mots (affirmation), Le présent – place des mots (interrogation). Luckily, there are a few rules for the usage of haben and sein in the German present perfect tense. B1 Present Perfect Simple and Progressive T021 Fill in the correct form of the present perfect tense. Master the rules of conjugation for the perfect tense on Lingolia and get tips on when and how to use it. [Pierre is 13 years old. Zeiten Übersicht - Lingolia Plus Exercises. an action that will be completed by a certain point in the future. ]|, [According to surveys, the Germans have slept more than the French in the past few years. Change the verb into the correct form of the past simple or present perfect. English exercise "Present perfect simple or continuous" created by anonyme with The test builder. Le présent is the French present tense and corresponds to the English simple present. ]|Possession is expressed with, [Are you hungry? I have written ten letters since morning. Lingolia - Learn Spanish Online. Learn more. John ______ in Paris for 4 years before he could speak French fluently. We (buy) a new lamp. I ( LOSE) weight recently. With Lingolia Plus you can access 36 additional exercises about Le présent, as well as 605 online exercises to improve your French. Practice exercises about how to make the present perfect: . Mit Lingolia Plus kannst du folgende 33 Zusatzübungen zum Thema „Present Perfect Simple" sowie 833 weitere Online-Übungen im Bereich Englisch drei Monate lang für nur 10,50 Euro nutzen. I'm sorry. verbs of movement that don’t take an accusative object. T020-Present Perfect Simple or Progressive Intermediate. Judy: How long (be) in Canada? having + past participle (simply add ed) (drink) one litre of water, she really needed to go to the toilet. Learn more about Lingolia Plus here. A brand new page all about the present perfect subjunctive in Spanish grammar is now available in English. The processual passive is conjugated with werden whereas the statal passive is conjugated sein. 2. I have lived in Canada since 2012. ]|3, [If I won the lottery, I would buy a Porsche. She (not / see) him for a long time. The plane is back on the ground. This new edition includes: -concise descriptions of the main grammatical phenomena of German and their use -examples of grammar taken from contemporary German, helping you to understand the underlying grammatical principles more quickly ... Get 3 months membership for just €10.49 (≈ $12.48). Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple). (up-date) 4. B1 Past and Present Perfect Tense - Simple Form T027 Fill in the correct form of the verb in brackets: Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple 1. ( = It is open now.) I'm so tired because I _____ so hard lately. (to work) 2. The past simple is used to talk about completed actions at a particular point in the past, often with dates or times and words like yesterday, last and ago:. In everyday spoken language, we prefer to use the present perfect to describe actions that took place in the past. hundreds of additional exercises. Er hat sich vorgenommen, jetzt immer so ordentlich zu sein. Become a Lingolia Plus member to access these additional exercises. Become a Lingolia Plus member to access these additional exercises. The new midfielder _____ 5 goals so far this season, and we're only halfway through it. Das Present Perfect . Jordan can't fi nd his phone. 2739 Word order in Passive - Exercise 2. (WORK) 2. The tenses present perfect progressive and past perfect progressive do not exist in the passive. 1. Im Buch gefunden – Seite 62Past-Present. Perfect. Simple. Einleitung. Während wir im Deutschen das Perfekt oft anstelle des Präteritums verwenden, gibt es im Englischen Unterschiede in ... Folgende Erläuterungen und Übungen beziehen sich auf britisches Englisch. Learn how to use and conjugate the present tense in French grammar, then test yourself in the exercises. Get 3 months membership for just €10.49 (≈ $12.48). Lingolia Vocabulary Calendar 2021. ]|2, [If you paid attention, you wouldn’t break the glasses. Informiere dich hier über Lingolia Plus. He (write) five letters. I am tired. Click here to see the current stats of this English test. ]|3, [If the weather were nice, you could go to the park. Wann verwendet man welche Zeitform? To make sure that you understand the correct answers, our answer keys offer simple explanations as well as handy tips and tricks. Learn more about Lingolia Plus here. I _____ volleyball since I was a teenager. Why do we use "For / Since" [FUNCTION] - to measure time (usually with the present perfect sentences) - to show how long the action (that is not finished . For & Since Ex. We _____ in a restaurant in May 2001. 1. Here's a list of all the present perfect simple exercises and present perfect continuous exercises on my website. Master the use of the subjunctive mood in French grammar with Lingolia's quick and easy examples, then put . Perfektion - mehr Übung über die einfache Vergangenheit - finden Sie auch auf einer neuen Seite zum Lingolia Englischlernen. (drive) 4. Time markers allow us to determine which. Exercise 1. we can often use either the present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous with since or for when something started . Review text: "Die Arbeit liefert auf breiter Datengrundlage überzeugende Ergebnisse."Michael Prinz in: Germanistik 3-4/2009. 1. Get 3 months membership for just €10.49 (≈ $12.48). Spanish Grammar. 3. But when describing facts and conditions in the past that take sein/haben, we often still use the simple past: deutsch.lingolia.com Einfach Englisch lernen. Present perfect simple or continuous. ( = They are still arriving now.) Irregular verbs are verbs that change their verb stem in simlpe past and/or the participle form (see list of irregular verb). The tap is leaking. Present Perfect Continuous Lingolia : Squarespace. ; zu betonen, dass die Handlung noch andauert. Im Buch gefundenSimple Past und Present Perfect Simple Kate Ille Heike Pahlow. Übungsgrammatik Englisch 5 Simple Past & Present Perfect Simple Übungen Erläuterungen Lösungen SVLingolia Kate Ille EINFACH BESSER IN SPRACHEN Übungsgrammatik Englisch Teil ... We use haben to conjugate the present perfect with: We use sein to conjugate the present perfect with: The past participle (Partizip II) is formed in the following ways: Regular Verbs also known as weak verbs (schwache Verben) form the past participle with ge…t and the verb stem. Play Again! The passive voice has two forms in German grammar. Our online exercises for Spanish help you to learn and practice grammar rules in an interactive manner. (be / you) at school? ]|, [We would have been quicker if we’d taken this street. Instead we simply use the normal forms of the present perfect and past perfect . a) recent actions or events when no . Present Simple verb to be Present simple verb to be exercises: Present Simple Present simple Exercises: Have Got Have got exercises: There is, there are There is, there are exercises: Singular … The action can be past or future. Get 3 months membership for just €10.49 (≈ $12.48). It's really important to make sure you are confident making the forms of the tenses, so then you can focus on when to use them, which is a bit more. With a Lingolia Plus account, you get online access to hundreds of additional grammar exercises organised by topic and level. Perfect Subjunctive - Free Exercise. Complete the sentences with the past OR the present perfect (simple or continuous). The calendar (PDF) can be downloaded and printed out for free. Bildung: have / has + past participle („3. 1. 1411 Questions in Passive - word order - Click Exercise 2. Diese Übungsgrammatik erklärt Schritt für Schritt die Bildung und Verwendung des spanischen Subjuntivo für die Zeitformen Pretérito perfecto und Pretérito pluscuamperfecto. Our study tips help you to learn English more effectively and with more fun. The present perfect tense connects the past with the present; Get 3 months membership for just €10.49 (≈ $12.48). I ( PLAY) tennis all morning and I'm tired now. Perfekt – Perfect Tense in German Grammar. With Lingolia Plus you can access 24 additional exercises about Present Perfect, as well as 925 online exercises to improve your German. Thomas Balinger Ukulele Songbook Kinderlieder Für alle Eltern, Erzieher und Kindergärtner und natürlich für jeden, der einfach gerne mit Kindern singt und musiziert: Die schönsten und bekanntesten Kinderlieder in kinderleichten ... english.lingolia.com I (not / work) today. Sue the flu last winter. To make sure that you understand the correct answers, our answer keys offer simple explanations as well as handy tips and tricks. Click here to return to the list of English grammar exercises. Present Perfect Simple or Continuous Exercise 1. With Lingolia Plus you can access 11 additional exercises about Past Perfect, as well as 938 online exercises to improve your German. We (not / plan) our holiday yet. Present Continuous or Present Simple? Present Perfect Simple - Zusatzübungen. GRAMMATIK [THE PRESENT PERFECT] 1 . Read on to learn about the present perfect subjunctive in Spanish grammar then test yourself in the free exercises. Once again, we have prepared a little Christmas present for our visitors: a vocabulary calendar in German, English, French, Spanish, and Esperanto plus the multi-language version.. English. A brand new page all about the present perfect subjunctive in Spanish grammar is now available in English. (to live) 3. Hier kannst du dein Wissen zum Present Perfect Simple - Present Perfect Progressive testen. Im elften Band des 'Jahrbuchs Literatur und Medizin' sind drei Originalbeitrage vereint, deren Schwerpunkt auf Texten und Fragestellungen der Gegenwart liegt. In der bedrückenden Atmosphäre der heruntergekommenen Viertel der Industriestadt Manchester schafft es die 26jährige Witwe Andy lange Zeit nicht, ihren Kindern ein stabiles Familienleben zu bieten. Spanish is one of the four most important world languages and its native speakers reside mostly in Spain and South and Central America. Become a Lingolia Plus member to access these additional exercises. 1. Present Perfect with "For / Since" I have lived in Canada for 3 years. (BE) 2. Le présent - exercices complémentaires. Learn the grammar rules, how to conjugate verbs and when to use the present. Become a Lingolia Plus member to access these additional exercises. Das Present Perfect Progressive/Continuous kurz erklärt. Try another exercise about the present continuous and present simple here Try this exercise in video here Click here to review how to make the present continuous. 1. Lingolia makes languages easy! With Lingolia Plus you can access 18 additional exercises about Overview of the Tenses, as well as 931 online exercises to improve your German. Wie willst du jemanden retten, der nicht gerettet werden will? Get 3 months membership for just €10.49 (≈ $12.48). 1. Present Perfect Exercises. ? The present perfect continuous can be used to talk about situations that have just stopped and have present results. The subjunctive emphasises the subjectivity of a sentence, and it is mostly used in dependent clauses that start with que. Where (be / you)? Übung zu Simple Past und Present Perfect - ex07 :: Online Englisch Lernen mit kostenlosen Übungen, Erläuterungen, Prüfungsvorbereitung, Spielen, Unterrichtstipps rund um die englische Sprache. Learn how and to use the passive voice in German with our simple online lesson. Lingolia Plus members can enjoy thirteen new premium exercises all about the present perfect subjunctive: El tiempo del escenario Put the verbs into the PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE or PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE. (have) 4. So flaniert Küster entlang dem ABC von der ”Amerikanischen Landschaft“ über ”Buick“, ”Goethe“ oder ”Schatten und Sonnenlicht“ bis zum Stichwort ”Zeit“ durch Leben und Werk von Edward Hopper und öffnet dabei viele neue ... The verbs haben and sein are used as auxiliary or helping verbs in the present perfect. Task No. Learn more about Lingolia Plus here. having + past participle (irregular verb: drink-drank-drunk) (leave) the party too early, we couldn't see the fireworks anymore. (lose) 2. 1. (go) 3. Twitter Share. Ein Bildwörterbuch sowie eine alphabetisch geordnete Liste verzeichnet ca. 2.000 Wörter - Substantive, Verben, Adjektive. Mithilfe beigefügter CD können die meisten Wörter gehört und nachgesprochen werden. Ab 6. Present perfect continuous) si esprimono azioni che . From grammar and vocabulary through to spelling, punctuation and writing tips, you'll find everything you need to know for school or work right here on Lingolia. 2755 The Passive and the Tenses in English - Exercise. Become a Lingolia Plus member to access these additional exercises. Sometimes the simple past can be replaced by the present perfect. There are two kinds of irregular verbs in German grammar: strong verbs (starke Verben) and mixed verbs (gemischte Verben). Präsentiert von "Der Englisch-Blog" - Täglich neue Erklärungen und Übunge. The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on . Übung Gegenüberstellung Present Perfect Simple - Present Perfect Progressive - ex10 :: Online Englisch Lernen mit kostenlosen Übungen, Erläuterungen, Prüfungsvorbereitung, Spielen, Unterrichtstipps rund um die englische Sprache. The grammar rules are clearly structured and have illustrated examples that help visualise the rules. ]|, Conditionnel – tableaux de conjugaison (être/avoir), Conditionnel – tableaux de conjugaison (verbes réguliers), Conditionnel – tableaux de conjugaison (verbes irréguliers), Conditionnel – propositions conditionnelles (présent), Conditionnel – propositions conditionnelles (passé), Conditionnel présent – négation (verbes pronominaux), Conditionnel passé – négation (verbes pronominaux). Click here to review how to make the present simple. In the Writing area, we tell you how to write English texts and how to work with stylistic devices. Setze die Verben in die richtige Form (Past Perfect Simple). Get 3 months membership for just €10.49 (≈ $12.48). The result or process of the action is emphasised and not the time. Präsentiert von "Der Englisch-Blog" - Täglich neue Erklärungen und Übungen rund um die englische. Wie bildet man die deutschen Zeitformen? With Lingolia Plus you can access 13 additional exercises about Conditionnel, as well as 628 online exercises to improve your French. Esperanto. Main clause in the present indicative. Use either the Present Perfect Simple or the Present Perfect Continuous.Take care about the word order. Complete the sentences with the correct form of each verb in the present. A few days ago, we to his uncle. [ . ] Gestern hat Michael sein Büro aufgeräumt. He (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997. ]|Hunger is expressed with, [I am French. Last July, I to visit my relatives in Barcelona. Introduction. Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Diese Übungsgrammatik erklärt die Bildung und Verwendung des Présent, der französischen Zeitform für die Gegenwart. Einfach Englisch lernen. Our online exercises for Spanish help you to learn and practice grammar rules in an interactive manner. The cafe has just opened. verbs without an accusative object that don’t express a change of state or place. My profi le now includes all the latest information about me. Present Perfect Positive Read on to learn about the present perfect subjunctive in Spanish grammar then test yourself in the free exercises. 1291. ]|2, [According to surveys, the French drink more wine than the Germans. Das Present Perfect kurz erklärt. Become a Lingolia Plus member to access these additional exercises. All his colleagues have come into his office. Get 3 months membership for just €10.49 (≈ $12.48). Present Perfect Progressive (Present Perfect Continuous) Read the situations below and write a sentence using the present perfect progressive tense to say how long the situation has been happening. We use the present perfect to connect the past and the present.
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